El Encuentro se realizó en formato digital del 28 al 30 de
septiembre de
2021 y contó con la participación de 97 representantes de 37
instituciones y
asociados del CEMLA de los siguientes países y regiones: Argentina,
Aruba,
Barbados, Belice, Bolivia, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica,
Ecuador, El Salvador, España, Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Honduras,
México,
Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Portugal, República Dominicana, España,
Surinam, Bahamas, Filipinas, Trinidad y Tobago y la Unión Europea.
El
evento
se centró en los siguientes temas: resiliencia organizativa;
tecnologías
digitales, cambio climático, cumplimiento normativo y riesgo de
proveedores
como riesgos emergentes; modelos de apetito, tolerancia y capacidad
de
riesgo; y marcos organizativos para la gestión del riesgo operativo.
Sesión 1. Plática invitada. Resiliencia organizacional – un
imperativo
estratégico en los bancos centrales
En esta sesión se habló de la resiliencia como concepto central para
abordar la gestión del riesgo operativo. Algunas conclusiones de la
sesión fueron las siguientes:
-
· Una organización resiliente es capaz de responder a
eventos de alto impacto e incertidumbre, no sólo a eventos
contingentes específicos y anticipados. Es consciente de la
interdependencia con otras instituciones e industrias,
empleados, clientes, proveedores, etc.
-
· La resiliencia se apoya en las dimensiones estratégica,
operativa y cultural de la organización. Su desarrollo se basa
en 4 competencias: previsión, visión, supervisión y
retrospección.
Sesión 2. Riesgos emergentes: tecnologías digitales y cambio
climático
Esta sesión se dedicó a los riesgos derivados de las monedas
digitales y el cambio climático. Algunas conclusiones de la sesión
fueron las siguientes:
-
· En general, las monedas digitales de los bancos centrales
(CBDC) no se consideraron una mejora de los actuales sistemas de
pago. Aunque sigue habiendo interés por las CBDC, y existen
grupos de trabajo y proyectos piloto para explorar su
implantación. Sin embargo, las CBDC conllevan riesgos
relacionados con la seguridad, la fiabilidad, la escalabilidad
de las operaciones, la supervisión y la correcta asignación de
funciones y responsabilidades.
-
· El cambio climático puede desencadenar múltiples tipos de
riesgos operacionales. Uno de ellos es el daño físico a las
personas o a las infraestructuras debido a fenómenos extremos.
Dada la complejidad de la modelización de los impactos
relacionados con el clima, es importante disponer de datos,
normas y herramientas analíticas que abarquen los distintos
niveles de afectación.
Sesión 3. Modelos de apetito, tolerancia y capacidad de
riesgo
En esta sesión se analizaron las perspectivas de tres bancos
centrales con respecto a los modelos de apetito, tolerancia y
capacidad de riesgo. Estas herramientas están íntimamente
relacionadas con los objetivos organizativos de los bancos
centrales.
Panel 1. 2LdD: encuadramiento en la organización, roles,
responsabilidades e integración con la 1LdD y 3LdD
En esta sesión, los panelistas debatieron sobre los marcos
organizativos en la gestión del riesgo operacional. Algunas
conclusiones de la sesión fueron las siguientes:
-
· La coordinación de las tres líneas de defensa de los
bancos centrales les permite gestionar todos los riesgos de
forma integrada y ordenada, garantizando que cada línea tenga
objetivos claros y complementarios y que se cumplan los
objetivos de los bancos.
-
· Los retos de la implantación de 3LOD exigen un gran
esfuerzo de recursos en áreas como la ciberseguridad, la
seguridad de la información sobre riesgos, la infraestructura
para la resiliencia operativa y los riesgos derivados de la
dependencia de terceros.
Sesión 4. Riesgos emergentes: Cumplimiento, Riesgo de
Proveedor
En esta sesión se trataron otros temas relacionados con los riesgos
emergentes, centrándose en las metodologías para evaluar el
cumplimiento de la normativa y los riesgos de proveedor. Algunas
conclusiones de la sesión fueron las siguientes:
-
· El cumplimiento está relacionado con la observancia de
todas las leyes y reglamentos aplicables; es una parte clave del
gobierno corporativo y está alineado con la tolerancia y la
capacidad de riesgo definidas.
-
· Los riesgos de adquisición se clasifican como un tipo
específico de riesgo de apoyo, y cualquier institución es
susceptible de verse afectada por ellos. Una infraestructura
transversal es clave para integrar la información de cualquier
ocurrencia de riesgo de proveedor al marco de gestión de
riesgos.
Andreas Burgstaller
Head of Section, Operational Risk & Business Continuity
European Central Bank
Andreas Burgstaller is the Head of Operational Risk and Business
Continuity Management Section at the European Central Bank. During
his career in central banking, first at the Deutsche Bundesbank and
since 1999 at the European Central Bank, Andreas served the ECB in
different leading positions, among others in internal audit,
organizational planning, budget and controlling and IT governance.
Andreas is a Member of the ECB’s Operational Risk Committee and
represents the ECB on risk and resilience in various international
forums and professional working groups.
Rodney Garratt
Professor of Economics
UC Santa Barbara
Rod Garratt holds the Maxwell C. and Mary Pellish Chair in Economics
at the University of California Santa Barbara. He has served as a
Technical Advisor to the Bank for International Settlements, a
Research Advisor to the Bank of England and is a former Vice
President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. During his time
at the FRBNY he co-led the Virtual Currency Working Group for the
Federal Reserve System. After leaving the FRBNY he consulted for
Payments Canada and R3 on Project Jasper: a proof of concept for a
wholesale interbank payment system that uses distributed ledger
technology. Professor Garratt received his undergraduate degree from
the University of Waterloo and his PhD from Cornell University. He
has published in the top economics journals including
Econometrica, the American Economic Review and the Journal
of Political Economy. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of
Financial Market Infrastructures, the Journal of Network Theory in
Finance and Digital Finance.
Dr. Ron Dembo
CEO and Founder
Riskthinking.AI
Dr. Dembo has had a distinguished academic research career at Yale
University and as a visiting professor at MIT. He was also the
Founder and CEO of Algorithmics Incorporated. Following the sale of
Algorithmics in 2005, he founded Zerofootprint, a venture focused on
climate change. More recently, he has developed a unique algorithm
for generating forward-looking scenarios and is applying it to
climate change in his latest venture, riskthinking.AI.
Dr. Dembo has received many patents and awards for his research and
in 2007 was honored as a Lifetime Fellow at The Fields Institute for
Research in Mathematical Sciences.
Erika Sequeira Rojas
Risk Coordinator
Central Bank of Costa Rica
She has worked for 15 years at the Central Bank of Costa Rica, with
10 years as a senior risk advisor in the Risk and Compliance
Department, and more than 18 years of experience in the banking and
governmental industry. Erika is an Industrial Engineer with a Master
in Business Administration from Universidad Antonio Nebrija, Madrid,
Spain; she also has a Master in Economics with emphasis in Banking
and Risk Management from UCR.
Marcela Conde Villegas
Risk Deputy Manager
Banco de la República (Colombia)
Marcela has been the Chief Risk Officer since January 14, 2019. She
studied finance, government and international relations at the
Universidad Externado de Colombia, completed the Executive Program
in Leadership and Global Business Management at the University of
California at Berkeley, and holds a Master's degree in banking and
finance from the Escuela de Finanzas Aplicadas of Spain.
She has held several positions, such as Corporate Risk Manager for
Grupo Aval, Vice President of Risk and Product at Fiduciaria Bogotá,
and National Manager Specialist in Asset Management at Grupo
Bancolombia.
Diogo Rodrigues
Head of Non-financial Risk Division
Banco Central do Brasil
Diogo Rodrigues is an industrial engineer and holds a Master of
Science and MBA. He is the head of organizational risk division of
Central Bank of Brazil for 5 years. Prior to his experience at the
Central Bank of Brazil he has worked at the Ministry of Finance, at
a railroad company and as a college professor.
Lissette Ponce
Manager Non-Financial Risks
Banco de México
Lissete Ponce is the Non-Financial Risk Manager, in charge of
identifying and assessing non-financial risks, managing the
institutional incident log and coordinating the development of the
Bank's business continuity programs.
She holds a Bachelor's degree in Actuarial Science from the
Universidad
de las Américas-Puebla and a Master's degree in Finance from the
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM). He also completed
the
Senior Management Program at the Instituto Panamericano de Alta
Dirección de Empresa (IPADE).
Cecilia Scalise
Senior Manager Risk Analysis
Banco Central de la República Argentina
Cecilia Scalise is a Certified Public Accountant, graduated from the
National University of Buenos Aires (UBA). She joined the Central
Bank of Argentina by public competition in 1982, developing her
professional career in the institution, holding different positions
in Economic Research and Statistics; General Accounting; Treasury;
since 2014 she has been Senior Manager of Risk Analysis.
She has given courses and participated in conferences in the country
and abroad on topics related to Financial Management, Strategic
Planning, Cash Management, Risk Management and Administration.
María Jesús Orellana
Head of the Operational Risk Department
Banco Central de Chile
María Jesús has been Head of the Operational Risk and Business
Continuity Department for a year and a half. She has a degree in
Industrial Civil Engineering and a Master of Science in Management
and Development in Business from the University of Manchester. She
has 13 years of experience in different Chilean industries, mainly
telecommunications, banking-insurance and mining, where she has
deepened her knowledge in risk management and efficiency, in
addition to managing business continuity in critical operations.
Adriana Corrales Rojas
Risk Management and Compliance Advisor
Banco Central de Costa Rica
Adriana is a lawyer and holds a degree in Public Administration.
Since 2013, she has been working for the Central Bank of Costa Rica
as Risk and Compliance Advisor. Previously, she worked as Internal
Auditor and in procurement and administrative contracting.