Available in English

II Reunión de Responsables sobre Gestión de Riesgos Financieros en Bancos Centrales

Del 13 al 15 de julio de 2021
Videoconferencia.

 

La segunda edición del Encuentro se realizó en formato digital del 13 al 15 de julio de 2020. Fue organizada conjuntamente por el Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos (CEMLA), el Banco de España, el Banco de México y el Banco Central de Costa Rica. Contó con la participación de 82 representantes de 37 instituciones y asociados del CEMLA de Argentina, Barbados, Belice, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, España, Filipinas, Francia, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, Islas Turcas y Caicos, Jamaica, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Perú, Portugal, República Dominicana, San Martín, Bahamas, Trinidad y Tobago, y Uruguay. El evento se centró en: metodologías y sistemas de información para la gestión y valuación del riesgo financiero, retos de la gestión del riesgo financiero en la crisis de COVID-19, cumplimiento, y Gobierno Ambiental, Social y Corporativo (ESG).

 

Plática invitada: Políticas de balance de bancos distribuidores y contagios a los mercados emergentes

En esta sesión se debatieron los aspectos económicos que determinan la participación, o la falta de ella, de las economías emergentes (EM) de los flujos globales de crédito, capital y riesgo financiero; esta participación no mejorará a menos que haya un uso adecuado de las garantías de las EM que vaya más allá de las líneas de reserva y de intercambio de divisas. También menciona que la entrega transfronteriza de garantías es un paso clave para la estabilidad financiera; sin embargo, también requiere un reordenamiento de su ‘tubería’ financiera, con la colaboración de las autoridades locales, los custodios centrales de valores internacionales y los bancos globales, entre otros, en sus respectivos ámbitos.

 

Sesión 1. Metodologías y sistemas de información para la gestión y valuación de riesgos financieros

Los bancos centrales tienen funciones y operaciones particulares que diferencian sus sistemas de gestión de riesgos financieros de otras formas más "tradicionales". En esta sesión se debatieron las diferentes experiencias, retos y cronologías en la implementación de sistemas y metodologías de gestión de riesgos. Algunos puntos clave de la sesión fueron los siguientes:

  • - La importancia de la integración y la conectividad para evitar la creación de silos de información y garantizar la eficiencia en el tiempo de respuesta.
  • - Los sistemas de gestión de riesgos deben ser flexibles para adaptarse a los cambios en el apetito de riesgo de las nuevas medidas.
  • - Estas implementaciones requieren una evolución tecnológica, organizativa y cultural.

 

Sesión 2. Retos de la gestión de riesgos financieros en la crisis COVID-19

En esta sesión se debatieron las medidas de política que los bancos centrales aplicaron durante la crisis de COVID-19 y las implicaciones para las áreas de riesgo financiero. Algunos puntos destacados fueron los siguientes:

  • - La pronta respuesta de las instituciones conlleva un mayor riesgo derivado de las exposiciones adicionales que tiene que cumplir con los objetivos de política.
  • - La utilidad de un nivel adecuado de reservas internacionales en tiempos de incertidumbre, así como la flexibilidad de los marcos de gestión del riesgo.
  • - En algunos casos, estas medidas se pusieron en marcha con los retos operativos adicionales que planteó la pandemia.

 

Sesión 3. Cumplimiento (Compliance)

Esta sesión abordó la función de cumplimiento en los bancos centrales. Describió sus aspectos organizativos y su evolución en el tiempo. Las principales conclusiones de la sesión fueron las siguientes:

  • - Su evolución es una respuesta natural a la creciente complejidad de las operaciones financieras.
  • - La automatización y la mejora de los tiempos de respuesta son retos comunes y van de la mano de la transversalidad en la institución.
  • - El cumplimiento es clave para preservar la reputación institucional, seguir los objetivos de inversión y reducir las responsabilidades legales.

 

Sesión 4. Gobernanza Ambiental, Social y Corporativa (ESG)

El interés por las cuestiones medioambientales y sociales en el ámbito público y sus repercusiones han motivado la incorporación de los principios ESG en los objetivos y la cultura de muchos bancos centrales. Los principales puntos que se trataron fueron los siguientes:

  • - Es importante que los gestores de riesgos comprendan e integren los riesgos físicos y transitorios debidos a los eventos climáticos y medioambientales, así como los canales que transmiten sus impactos al sistema financiero.
  • - También es importante integrar metodologías específicas para la identificación, exposición, evaluación y mitigación de los riesgos medioambientales y climáticos.
  • - Un área de mucho interés es el desarrollo de metodologías para la asignación óptima de activos con el fin de diseñar carteras de inversión verdes y sostenibles en línea con los objetivos de gestión, considerando también la gestión del riesgo financiero.

 

Julio 13

Discurso de apertura

Dr. Manuel Ramos Francia, Director General, CEMLA

 

Plática invitada. Políticas de balance de bancos distribuidores y contagios a los mercados emergentes

Manmohan Singh, Economista Financiero Senior, Fondo Monetario Internacional

Sesión 1. Metodologías y sistemas de información para la gestión y valoración de riesgos financieros

Moderador: Francisco Chamú Morales, Director de Gestión de Riesgos, Banco de México

 

Pablo Villa Michel Morales, Director de Gestión de Riesgos, Banco Central de Costa Rica

Omar Santiváñez Romaní, Jefe del Departamento de Bases de Datos de Reservas Internacionales, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú

Gonçalo Pereira, Head of Risk Management Unit, Banco de Portugal

 

Julio 14

Sesión 2. Retos de la gestión de riesgos financieros en la crisis COVID-19

Moderador: Luis González Mosquera, Director de Riesgos Financieros, Banco de España

 

Fernando Monar Lora, Director de Gestión de Riesgos, Banco Central Europeo

Isabela Ribeiro Damaso Maia, Directora de Riesgos Corporativos y Benchmark, Banco Central do Brasil

Odean White, Director de Riesgos, Banco de Jamaica

Sesión 3. Cumplimiento

Moderador: Pablo Villa Michel, Director de Gestión de Riesgos, Banco Central de Costa Rica

 

Julio Alberto Pecero Mariscurrena, Gerente de Análisis y Cumplimiento de Riesgos Financieros, Banco de México

Christian Ferrada Krause, Coordinador de Riesgos Estratégicos y Cumplimiento Financiero, Banco Central de Chile

Adriana Corrales Rojas, Asesora de Gestión y Cumplimiento de Riesgos, Banco Central de Costa Rica

 

Julio 15

Sesión 4. Gobernanza Ambiental, Social y Corporativa (ESG)

Moderador: María Antonieta Campa, Gerente de Proyectos y Análisis de Riesgos, Banco de México

 

María Nalda, Experta Senior del Departamento de Riesgo Financiero, Banco de España

Patricia Moles Fanjul, Investigadora – Equipo de asesores del Gobernador, Banco de México

Ana Mónica Gamboa Chaves, Analista en Administración de Reservas, Banco Central de Costa Rica

Mesa redonda

Moderador: Serafín Martínez Jaramillo, Asesor, CEMLA

Conclusiones de la Reunión y próximos pasos

 

Dr. Manmohan Singh
Senior Economist, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Dr. Manmohan Singh is a senior economist with the IMF. He writes extensively on topical issues including collateral velocity and reuse (a term he coined), rehypothecation and securities lending of collateral, monetary policy and collateral, shadow banking, collateral in the OTC derivatives market and CCPs, and why (some) EM collateral may access the global plumbing. His new book, Collateral Markets and Financial Plumbing, looks at all the above topics from the lens of financial collateral. Manmohan has led work-shops for the IMF to official sector policy makers on strategic asset allocation and impact of regulations on financial markets. He holds a Ph.D. and M.B.A. from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a B.S. from Allegheny College.

Pablo Villa Michel Morales
Director of Risk Management, Banco Central de Costa Rica

He is the Director of Integral Risk Management of the Central Bank of Costa Rica since 2014 and is responsible for the implementation of the institutional project of Integral Risk Management. He has promoted improvements to the Bank's risk management policies and processes and developed the internal risk management certification course. He has extensive local and international experience in the financial industry and risk management. He graduated from the Masters in Financial Economics and Applied Macroeconomics at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and is internationally certified by several institutions in financial and operational risk management, as well as a specialist in data science. He has experience as a professor and a researcher in economics and finance.

Omar Santiváñez Romaní
Head of International Reserves Databases Area of the International Operations Department, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú

Omar Santiváñez is Head of International Reserves Databases Area in the International Operations Department at Central Reserve Bank of Peru (CRBP). He oversees the management of a Business Intelligence and Analytics Solution which serves as a Support System for Strategic, Tactical and Operational decisions. He holds a Bs. in Systems Engineering with a concentration in Decision Support Systems from Universidad de Lima, a Master in Public Governance and Management from Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, and a Master in Data Management and Technological innovation from OBS Business School and Universitat de Barcelona (focused in Business Intelligence and Big Data).

Gonçalo Pereira
Head of Risk Management Unit, Banco de Portugal

Mr. Pereira is the Head of the Risk Management Unit at the Bank of Portugal since 2015. He has a background in Applied Mathematics and he holds a Master Degree in Actuarial Science. Mr. Pereira has worked for several years as an IT Analyst and Project Manager, and has been working in Financial Risk Management for the past 8 years.

Fernando Monar
Director Risk Manager, European Central Bank (ECB)

Mr. Monar Lora is currently the Director Risk Manager, until March 2020, he was the Head of the Risk Analysis Division in the Directorate Risk Management (D-RM), a post he has held since 2016. In this position, he also deputized for the director and chaired the Risk Management Committee. Prior to that he was adviser in the same division having held a number of other positions in Risk Management from 2007 onwards. Earlier in his career he worked in the Market Operations Department at Banco de España. Mr. Monar Lora holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of the Balearic Islands, a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the EUDE Business School in Madrid and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA Institute).

Isabela Ribeiro Damaso Maia
Head of Department - Corporate Risk and Benchmarks, Banco Central do Brasil (BCB)

Isabela joined the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) in 1995 at the International Reserves Department’s front office. In 1997, she moved to the middle office to establish the financial risk management area and was responsible for the design and implementation of the international reserves risk framework that is still in place. Since 2000, the strategic asset allocation of the Brazilian international reserves runs under her coordination and leadership. As head of the corporate risk department, she has implemented the enterprise risk management approach (ERM) at BCB, a process that supports the decision-making with risk information. The development and implementation of an institutional framework for compliance and internal controls functions also became part of her tasks in 2018. With more than 20 years of experience in asset and risk management, Isabela had technical articles published along this time in technical books and journals. She holds a BA in statistics and an MBA in finance.

Odean White
Chief Risk Officer, Bank of Jamaica (BOJ)

Mr. Odean White is a banking and finance professional with almost 20 years’ experience in the Jamaican financial sector. Currently, he is the Chief Risk Officer at Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) where he is responsible for designing and implementing the central bank's risk management framework. Prior to this second stint at BOJ, Mr. White spent close to a decade in the private sector where he assumed various management and senior management roles at financial institutions with local and regional footprints. The foundation of his successful career to date was built during his first stint at BOJ, as an Economist in the Research & Economic Programming Division. Mr. White is a graduate of the University of the West Indies, Mona campus where he attained a B.Sc. (Hons) in Actuarial Science and an M.Sc. in Economics.

Julio Alberto Pecero Mariscurrena
Financial Risk Analysis and Compliance Manager, Banco de México

Julio is originally from Mexico City. He is the Manager of Financial Risk Analysis and Compliance within the Risk Management Department of Banco de Mexico. He has collaborated in different areas of the Bank for more than 8 years in the design of methodologies with a quantitative approach for risk management and compliance verification. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Economics from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and a Master's degree in Business Administration from the Asia School of Business in collaboration with the MIT Sloan School of Management.

Christian Ferrada Krause
Strategic Risk and Financial Compliance Coordinator, Banco Central de Chile Banco Central de Chile

He is the strategic risk and financial compliance coordinator for the Central Bank of Chile. His areas of interest are macroeconomics, finance and econometrics. He has worked as a part-time professor at the Faculty of Economics and Business at the Universidad de Chile; he has also participated as a consultant with the World Bank and the International Labor Office. He has a PhD in Economics from the University of Chicago and a Master's Degree in Applied Economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Adriana Corrales Rojas
Risk Management and Compliance Advisor, Banco Central de Costa Rica

Adriana is a Lawyer and has a degree in Public Administration. Since 2013 she has been working for the Central Bank of Costa Rica as Risk and Compliance Advisor. Previously she worked as Internal Auditor and in procurement and administrative contracting.

María Nalda
Senior Expert, Financial Risk Department, Bank of Spain

María Nalda is a specialist in financial risk at the Bank of Spain. Specifically, she works in the Policy Unit of the Financial Risk Department, where she coordinates the preparation of the sustainability dossiers discussed at the Eurosystem Risk Committee. In addition, she actively contributes to different initiatives related to sustainability and financial risks, both at the Bank of Spain and in Eurosystem working groups, co-authoring several reports. All this allows her to have a deep knowledge of the implications of ESG risks in the financial risk management of the Eurosystem and the Bank of Spain itself.

Patricia Moles Fanjul
Researcher - Advisory Team, Bank of Mexico

Specialist in sustainable finance, with extensive experience in the development of businesses with positive impacts in the environmental and social areas, mainly in Latin America. Since 2020 she acts as a researcher in the advisory team of the Governor of Banco de México, promoting the agenda of the Network of Central Banks for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) of which Banco de México is a founding member, and acting as Alternate Secretary in the Sustainable Finance Committee of the Financial System Stability Board. Patricia holds a degree in economics from ITAM, a Masters in International Management from ESADE, Barcelona, and a Masters in Development Studies from the London School of Economics in London.

Ana Mónica Gamboa Chaves
Reserves Management Analyst, Banco Central de Costa Rica

Ana Mónica is graduated from the Universidad de Costa Rica with a degree in Economics and a capital markets specialization. She works at the Banco Central de Costa Rica (BCCR) since 2000 and now an analyst for the Reserves Management Department (front office) where have been participated in different projects. Since the end of 2019, she has been part of the team that work on green investment for the BCCR.