Joint Research Program
XV Meeting of the Central Bank Researchers Network of the Americas
Inflationary Dynamics, Persistence, and Prices and Wages Formation
Editors
Laura D’Amato
Enrique López Enciso
María Teresa Ramírez G.
Prologue
In 2005, the Board of Governors of CEMLA, at the request of the president at that time, Martin Redrado, took the decision to encourage joint research activities among the Center’s member central banks in order to bolster economic research on topics of mutual interest and leverage collaboration. Thus, in July of that same year the heads of studies at the central banks on the Steering Committee of CEMLA’s Central Bank Researchers Network met to analyze the best way to implement a joint research program. After reviewing the projects being carried out at each central bank on the Committee, they identified the topics of interest that could be addressed by employing a common methodology. It was also suggested that these papers be presented at the annual meetings of the Researchers Network and published in a special book. The proposal was formally approved in October 2005 under the framework of the X Meeting of CEMLA’s Researchers Network. The terms of reference for the first joint research project were elaborated in 2006, leading to publication of the first book in 2008 entitled Estimating and Using Unobservable Variables in the Region.
Since then, CEMLA has encouraged annual joint research projects among its members. Research topics are selected by the heads of studies at central banks on the Researchers Network Steering Committee. Meanwhile, representatives from participating central banks act voluntarily as coordinators for each of these projects.
Under this context, in 2009 a joint research project named Inflation Dynamics, Persistence, and Prices and Wages Formation was carried out. The importance of this topic is plain to see: a proper understanding of inflation dynamics is essential for modeling and formulating monetary policy.
The articles were divided into three topics: i) inflation persistence; ii) price formation; and iii) wage rigidities. Regarding the first of these, the book includes six papers focusing on identifying general changes in inflation trends, as well as on the degree of inflation persistence. The second topic brings together four papers studying price formation from a macroeconomic viewpoint, using direct surveys of producers, or calculations of frequency and duration using microdata from consumer price indexes or retail points of sale. After analyzing this information, the authors identify the general behavior of producers for setting prices and changes resulting from inflation shocks. The book ends with two articles on wage rigidities, which are also taken from a macroeconomic standpoint. The researchers use individual surveys and surveys aggregated by the type of firm or business sector. This information allows them to identify some relations between wage levels (and their rigidity –degree and direction–) and the average age of workers, the type of firm and the state of the economy, among other factors, in order to obtain information for supporting economic policy decision-making.
Although these topics have been extensively analyzed in recent years, in the case of Latin America work had been focused on certain economies of the region and had not made efforts to analyze them under the framework of a common effort. The 12 articles included in this book were written by researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela. We would like to thank them for their interest and enthusiasm in developing the joint research, which, we are sure, will be extremely useful for those interested in the topic from both inside and outside our region.
Javier E. Guzmán Calafell
General Director, CEMLA
Inflationary Dynamics, Persistence, and Prices and Wages Formation
Prologue
Javier E. Guzmán Calafell, General Director, CEMLA
Inflation Persistence
Introduction
Laura D’Amato
Regimes and Underlying Inflation Dynamics: Generalized Comovement or Relative Price Adjustment?
Tomás Castagnino and Laura D’Amato
Inflationary Dynamics and Persistence in Costa Rica: Period 1953-2009
Carlos Chaverri Morales and Carlos Torres Gutiérrez
How Persistent is Inflation in Argentina?: Inflation Regimes and Price Dynamics in the Last 50 Years
Laura D’Amato and María Lorena Garegnani
The Target of the Central Bank and Inflation Persistence in Colombia
Juan José Echavarría, Norberto Rodríguez and Luis Eduardo Rojas
The Statistical Persistence of Inflation in Colombia
Juan José Echavarría S., Enrique López E. y Martha Misas A.
Is the Inflation Persistence Over?
Fernando N. de Oliveira and Myrian Petrassi
Price Formation
Introduction
Enrique López E.
Price Setting in Retailing: the Case of Uruguay
Fernando Borraz and Leandro Zipitría
Price Flexibility in an inflationary Economy: Case Venezuela
León Fernández Bujanda
Price Formation in Colombian Firms: Evidence Gathered from a Direct Survey
Martha Misas A., Enrique López E. and Juan Carlos Parra A.
Consumer Price Behavior in Mexico Under Inflation Targeting: A Microdata Approach
Carla Ysusi
Wage Rigidities
Introduction
María Teresa Ramírez
Microeconomic Evidence of Nominal Wage Rigidities in Chile
Marcus Cobb C. and Luis Opazo R.
Downward Wage Rigidities and Other Firms Responses to an Economic Slowdown: Evidence from a Survey of Colombian Firms
Ana María Iregui B., Ligia Alba Melo B. and María Teresa Ramírez G.